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/**
 * Option API
 *
 * @package WordPress
 * @subpackage Option
 */

/**
 * Retrieves an option value based on an option name.
 *
 * If the option does not exist, and a default value is not provided,
 * boolean false is returned. This could be used to check whether you need
 * to initialize an option during installation of a plugin, however that
 * can be done better by using add_option() which will not overwrite
 * existing options.
 *
 * Not initializing an option and using boolean `false` as a return value
 * is a bad practice as it triggers an additional database query.
 *
 * The type of the returned value can be different from the type that was passed
 * when saving or updating the option. If the option value was serialized,
 * then it will be unserialized when it is returned. In this case the type will
 * be the same. For example, storing a non-scalar value like an array will
 * return the same array.
 *
 * In most cases non-string scalar and null values will be converted and returned
 * as string equivalents.
 *
 * Exceptions:
 *
 * 1. When the option has not been saved in the database, the `$default_value` value
 *    is returned if provided. If not, boolean `false` is returned.
 * 2. When one of the Options API filters is used: {@see &#039;pre_option_$option&#039;},
 *    {@see &#039;default_option_$option&#039;}, or {@see &#039;option_$option&#039;}, the returned
 *    value may not match the expected type.
 * 3. When the option has just been saved in the database, and get_option()
 *    is used right after, non-string scalar and null values are not converted to
 *    string equivalents and the original type is returned.
 *
 * Examples:
 *
 * When adding options like this: `add_option( &#039;my_option_name&#039;, &#039;value&#039; )`
 * and then retrieving them with `get_option( &#039;my_option_name&#039; )`, the returned
 * values will be:
 *
 *   - `false` returns `string(0) &quot;&quot;`
 *   - `true`  returns `string(1) &quot;1&quot;`
 *   - `0`     returns `string(1) &quot;0&quot;`
 *   - `1`     returns `string(1) &quot;1&quot;`
 *   - `&#039;0&#039;`   returns `string(1) &quot;0&quot;`
 *   - `&#039;1&#039;`   returns `string(1) &quot;1&quot;`
 *   - `null`  returns `string(0) &quot;&quot;`
 *
 * When adding options with non-scalar values like
 * `add_option( &#039;my_array&#039;, array( false, &#039;str&#039;, null ) )`, the returned value
 * will be identical to the original as it is serialized before saving
 * it in the database:
 *
 *     array(3) {
 *         [0] =&gt; bool(false)
 *         [1] =&gt; string(3) &quot;str&quot;
 *         [2] =&gt; NULL
 *     }
 *
 * @since 1.5.0
 *
 * @global wpdb $wpdb WordPress database abstraction object.
 *
 * @param string $option        Name of the option to retrieve. Expected to not be SQL-escaped.
 * @param mixed  $default_value Optional. Default value to return if the option does not exist.
 * @return mixed Value of the option. A value of any type may be returned, including
 *               scalar (string, boolean, float, integer), null, array, object.
 *               Scalar and null values will be returned as strings as long as they originate
 *               from a database stored option value. If there is no option in the database,
 *               boolean `false` is returned.
 */
function get_option( $option, $default_value = false ) {
	global $wpdb;

	if ( is_scalar( $option ) ) {
		$option = trim( $option );
	}

	if ( empty( $option ) ) {
		return false;
	}

	/*
	 * Until a proper _deprecated_option() function can be introduced,
	 * redirect requests to deprecated keys to the new, correct ones.
	 */
	$deprecated_keys = array(
		&#039;blacklist_keys&#039;    =&gt; &#039;disallowed_keys&#039;,
		&#039;comment_whitelist&#039; =&gt; &#039;comment_previously_approved&#039;,
	);

	if ( isset( $deprecated_keys[ $option ] ) &amp;&amp; ! wp_installing() ) {
		_deprecated_argument(
			__FUNCTION__,
			&#039;5.5.0&#039;,
			sprintf(
				/* translators: 1: Deprecated option key, 2: New option key. */
				__( &#039;The &quot;%1$s&quot; option key has been renamed to &quot;%2$s&quot;.&#039; ),
				$option,
				$deprecated_keys[ $option ]
			)
		);
		return get_option( $deprecated_keys[ $option ], $default_value );
	}

	/**
	 * Filters the value of an existing option before it is retrieved.
	 *
	 * The dynamic portion of the hook name, `$option`, refers to the option name.
	 *
	 * Returning a value other than false from the filter will short-circuit retrieval
	 * and return that value instead.
	 *
	 * @since 1.5.0
	 * @since 4.4.0 The `$option` parameter was added.
	 * @since 4.9.0 The `$default_value` parameter was added.
	 *
	 * @param mixed  $pre_option    The value to return instead of the option value. This differs from
	 *                              `$default_value`, which is used as the fallback value in the event
	 *                              the option doesn&#039;t exist elsewhere in get_option().
	 *                              Default false (to skip past the short-circuit).
	 * @param string $option        Option name.
	 * @param mixed  $default_value The fallback value to return if the option does not exist.
	 *                              Default false.
	 */
	$pre = apply_filters( &quot;pre_option_{$option}&quot;, false, $option, $default_value );

	/**
	 * Filters the value of all existing options before it is retrieved.
	 *
	 * Returning a truthy value from the filter will effectively short-circuit retrieval
	 * and return the passed value instead.
	 *
	 * @since 6.1.0
	 *
	 * @param mixed  $pre_option    The value to return instead of the option value. This differs from
	 *                              `$default_value`, which is used as the fallback value in the event
	 *                              the option doesn&#039;t exist elsewhere in get_option().
	 *                              Default false (to skip past the short-circuit).
	 * @param string $option        Name of the option.
	 * @param mixed  $default_value The fallback value to return if the option does not exist.
	 *                              Default false.
	 */
	$pre = apply_filters( &#039;pre_option&#039;, $pre, $option, $default_value );

	if ( false !== $pre ) {
		return $pre;
	}

	if ( defined( &#039;WP_SETUP_CONFIG&#039; ) ) {
		return false;
	}

	// Distinguish between `false` as a default, and not passing one.
	$passed_default = func_num_args() &gt; 1;

	if ( ! wp_installing() ) {
		// Prevent non-existent options from triggering multiple queries.
		$notoptions = wp_cache_get( &#039;notoptions&#039;, &#039;options&#039; );

		// Prevent non-existent `notoptions` key from triggering multiple key lookups.
		if ( ! is_array( $notoptions ) ) {
			$notoptions = array();
			wp_cache_set( &#039;notoptions&#039;, $notoptions, &#039;options&#039; );
		}

		if ( isset( $notoptions[ $option ] ) ) {
			/**
			 * Filters the default value for an option.
			 *
			 * The dynamic portion of the hook name, `$option`, refers to the option name.
			 *
			 * @since 3.4.0
			 * @since 4.4.0 The `$option` parameter was added.
			 * @since 4.7.0 The `$passed_default` parameter was added to distinguish between a `false` value and the default parameter value.
			 *
			 * @param mixed  $default_value  The default value to return if the option does not exist
			 *                               in the database.
			 * @param string $option         Option name.
			 * @param bool   $passed_default Was `get_option()` passed a default value?
			 */
			return apply_filters( &quot;default_option_{$option}&quot;, $default_value, $option, $passed_default );
		}

		$alloptions = wp_load_alloptions();

		if ( isset( $alloptions[ $option ] ) ) {
			$value = $alloptions[ $option ];
		} else {
			$value = wp_cache_get( $option, &#039;options&#039; );

			if ( false === $value ) {
				$row = $wpdb-&gt;get_row( $wpdb-&gt;prepare( &quot;SELECT option_value FROM $wpdb-&gt;options WHERE option_name = %s LIMIT 1&quot;, $option ) );

				// Has to be get_row() instead of get_var() because of funkiness with 0, false, null values.
				if ( is_object( $row ) ) {
					$value = $row-&gt;option_value;
					wp_cache_add( $option, $value, &#039;options&#039; );
				} else { // Option does not exist, so we must cache its non-existence.
					if ( ! is_array( $notoptions ) ) {
						$notoptions = array();
					}

					$notoptions[ $option ] = true;
					wp_cache_set( &#039;notoptions&#039;, $notoptions, &#039;options&#039; );

					/** This filter is documented in wp-includes/option.php */
					return apply_filters( &quot;default_option_{$option}&quot;, $default_value, $option, $passed_default );
				}
			}
		}
	} else {
		$suppress = $wpdb-&gt;suppress_errors();
		$row      = $wpdb-&gt;get_row( $wpdb-&gt;prepare( &quot;SELECT option_value FROM $wpdb-&gt;options WHERE option_name = %s LIMIT 1&quot;, $option ) );
		$wpdb-&gt;suppress_errors( $suppress );

		if ( is_object( $row ) ) {
			$value = $row-&gt;option_value;
		} else {
			/** This filter is documented in wp-includes/option.php */
			return apply_filters( &quot;default_option_{$option}&quot;, $default_value, $option, $passed_default );
		}
	}

	// If home is not set, use siteurl.
	if ( &#039;home&#039; === $option &amp;&amp; &#039;&#039; === $value ) {
		return get_option( &#039;siteurl&#039; );
	}

	if ( in_array( $option, array( &#039;siteurl&#039;, &#039;home&#039;, &#039;category_base&#039;, &#039;tag_base&#039; ), true ) ) {
		$value = untrailingslashit( $value );
	}

	/**
	 * Filters the value of an existing option.
	 *
	 * The dynamic portion of the hook name, `$option`, refers to the option name.
	 *
	 * @since 1.5.0 As &#039;option_&#039; . $setting
	 * @since 3.0.0
	 * @since 4.4.0 The `$option` parameter was added.
	 *
	 * @param mixed  $value  Value of the option. If stored serialized, it will be
	 *                       unserialized prior to being returned.
	 * @param string $option Option name.
	 */
	return apply_filters( &quot;option_{$option}&quot;, maybe_unserialize( $value ), $option );
}

/**
 * Protects WordPress special option from being modified.
 *
 * Will die if $option is in protected list. Protected options are &#039;alloptions&#039;
 * and &#039;notoptions&#039; options.
 *
 * @since 2.2.0
 *
 * @param string $option Option name.
 */
function wp_protect_special_option( $option ) {
	if ( &#039;alloptions&#039; === $option || &#039;notoptions&#039; === $option ) {
		wp_die(
			sprintf(
				/* translators: %s: Option name. */
				__( &#039;%s is a protected WP option and may not be modified&#039; ),
				esc_html( $option )
			)
		);
	}
}

/**
 * Prints option value after sanitizing for forms.
 *
 * @since 1.5.0
 *
 * @param string $option Option name.
 */
function form_option( $option ) {
	echo esc_attr( get_option( $option ) );
}

/**
 * Loads and caches all autoloaded options, if available or all options.
 *
 * @since 2.2.0
 * @since 5.3.1 The `$force_cache` parameter was added.
 *
 * @global wpdb $wpdb WordPress database abstraction object.
 *
 * @param bool $force_cache Optional. Whether to force an update of the local cache
 *                          from the persistent cache. Default false.
 * @return array List of all options.
 */
function wp_load_alloptions( $force_cache = false ) {
	global $wpdb;

	/**
	 * Filters the array of alloptions before it is populated.
	 *
	 * Returning an array from the filter will effectively short circuit
	 * wp_load_alloptions(), returning that value instead.
	 *
	 * @since 6.2.0
	 *
	 * @param array|null $alloptions  An array of alloptions. Default null.
	 * @param bool       $force_cache Whether to force an update of the local cache from the persistent cache. Default false.
	 */
	$alloptions = apply_filters( &#039;pre_wp_load_alloptions&#039;, null, $force_cache );
	if ( is_array( $alloptions ) ) {
		return $alloptions;
	}

	if ( ! wp_installing() || ! is_multisite() ) {
		$alloptions = wp_cache_get( &#039;alloptions&#039;, &#039;options&#039;, $force_cache );
	} else {
		$alloptions = false;
	}

	if ( ! $alloptions ) {
		$suppress      = $wpdb-&gt;suppress_errors();
		$alloptions_db = $wpdb-&gt;get_results( &quot;SELECT option_name, option_value FROM $wpdb-&gt;options WHERE autoload = &#039;yes&#039;&quot; );
		if ( ! $alloptions_db ) {
			$alloptions_db = $wpdb-&gt;get_results( &quot;SELECT option_name, option_value FROM $wpdb-&gt;options&quot; );
		}
		$wpdb-&gt;suppress_errors( $suppress );

		$alloptions = array();
		foreach ( (array) $alloptions_db as $o ) {
			$alloptions[ $o-&gt;option_name ] = $o-&gt;option_value;
		}

		if ( ! wp_installing() || ! is_multisite() ) {
			/**
			 * Filters all options before caching them.
			 *
			 * @since 4.9.0
			 *
			 * @param array $alloptions Array with all options.
			 */
			$alloptions = apply_filters( &#039;pre_cache_alloptions&#039;, $alloptions );

			wp_cache_add( &#039;alloptions&#039;, $alloptions, &#039;options&#039; );
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Filters all options after retrieving them.
	 *
	 * @since 4.9.0
	 *
	 * @param array $alloptions Array with all options.
	 */
	return apply_filters( &#039;alloptions&#039;, $alloptions );
}

/**
 * Loads and caches certain often requested site options if is_multisite() and a persistent cache is not being used.
 *
 * @since 3.0.0
 *
 * @global wpdb $wpdb WordPress database abstraction object.
 *
 * @param int $network_id Optional site ID for which to query the options. Defaults to the current site.
 */
function wp_load_core_site_options( $network_id = null ) {
	global $wpdb;

	if ( ! is_multisite() || wp_using_ext_object_cache() || wp_installing() ) {
		return;
	}

	if ( empty( $network_id ) ) {
		$network_id = get_current_network_id();
	}

	$core_options = array( &#039;site_name&#039;, &#039;siteurl&#039;, &#039;active_sitewide_plugins&#039;, &#039;_site_transient_timeout_theme_roots&#039;, &#039;_site_transient_theme_roots&#039;, &#039;site_admins&#039;, &#039;can_compress_scripts&#039;, &#039;global_terms_enabled&#039;, &#039;ms_files_rewriting&#039; );

	$core_options_in = &quot;&#039;&quot; . implode( &quot;&#039;, &#039;&quot;, $core_options ) . &quot;&#039;&quot;;
	$options         = $wpdb-&gt;get_results( $wpdb-&gt;prepare( &quot;SELECT meta_key, meta_value FROM $wpdb-&gt;sitemeta WHERE meta_key IN ($core_options_in) AND site_id = %d&quot;, $network_id ) );

	$data = array();
	foreach ( $options as $option ) {
		$key                = $option-&gt;meta_key;
		$cache_key          = &quot;{$network_id}:$key&quot;;
		$option-&gt;meta_value = maybe_unserialize( $option-&gt;meta_value );

		$data[ $cache_key ] = $option-&gt;meta_value;
	}
	wp_cache_set_multiple( $data, &#039;site-options&#039; );
}

/**
 * Updates the value of an option that was already added.
 *
 * You do not need to serialize values. If the value needs to be serialized,
 * then it will be serialized before it is inserted into the database.
 * Remember, resources cannot be serialized or added as an option.
 *
 * If the option does not exist, it will be created.

 * This function is designed to work with or without a logged-in user. In terms of security,
 * plugin developers should check the current user&#039;s capabilities before updating any options.
 *
 * @since 1.0.0
 * @since 4.2.0 The `$autoload` parameter was added.
 *
 * @global wpdb $wpdb WordPress database abstraction object.
 *
 * @param string      $option   Name of the option to update. Expected to not be SQL-escaped.
 * @param mixed       $value    Option value. Must be serializable if non-scalar. Expected to not be SQL-escaped.
 * @param string|bool $autoload Optional. Whether to load the option when WordPress starts up. For existing options,
 *                              `$autoload` can only be updated using `update_option()` if `$value` is also changed.
 *                              Accepts &#039;yes&#039;|true to enable or &#039;no&#039;|false to disable. For non-existent options,
 *                              the default value is &#039;yes&#039;. Default null.
 * @return bool True if the value was updated, false otherwise.
 */
function update_option( $option, $value, $autoload = null ) {
	global $wpdb;

	if ( is_scalar( $option ) ) {
		$option = trim( $option );
	}

	if ( empty( $option ) ) {
		return false;
	}

	/*
	 * Until a proper _deprecated_option() function can be introduced,
	 * redirect requests to deprecated keys to the new, correct ones.
	 */
	$deprecated_keys = array(
		&#039;blacklist_keys&#039;    =&gt; &#039;disallowed_keys&#039;,
		&#039;comment_whitelist&#039; =&gt; &#039;comment_previously_approved&#039;,
	);

	if ( isset( $deprecated_keys[ $option ] ) &amp;&amp; ! wp_installing() ) {
		_deprecated_argument(
			__FUNCTION__,
			&#039;5.5.0&#039;,
			sprintf(
				/* translators: 1: Deprecated option key, 2: New option key. */
				__( &#039;The &quot;%1$s&quot; option key has been renamed to &quot;%2$s&quot;.&#039; ),
				$option,
				$deprecated_keys[ $option ]
			)
		);
		return update_option( $deprecated_keys[ $option ], $value, $autoload );
	}

	wp_protect_special_option( $option );

	if ( is_object( $value ) ) {
		$value = clone $value;
	}

	$value     = sanitize_option( $option, $value );
	$old_value = get_option( $option );

	/**
	 * Filters a specific option before its value is (maybe) serialized and updated.
	 *
	 * The dynamic portion of the hook name, `$option`, refers to the option name.
	 *
	 * @since 2.6.0
	 * @since 4.4.0 The `$option` parameter was added.
	 *
	 * @param mixed  $value     The new, unserialized option value.
	 * @param mixed  $old_value The old option value.
	 * @param string $option    Option name.
	 */
	$value = apply_filters( &quot;pre_update_option_{$option}&quot;, $value, $old_value, $option );

	/**
	 * Filters an option before its value is (maybe) serialized and updated.
	 *
	 * @since 3.9.0
	 *
	 * @param mixed  $value     The new, unserialized option value.
	 * @param string $option    Name of the option.
	 * @param mixed  $old_value The old option value.
	 */
	$value = apply_filters( &#039;pre_update_option&#039;, $value, $option, $old_value );

	/*
	 * If the new and old values are the same, no need to update.
	 *
	 * Unserialized values will be adequate in most cases. If the unserialized
	 * data differs, the (maybe) serialized data is checked to avoid
	 * unnecessary database calls for otherwise identical object instances.
	 *
	 * See https://core.trac.wordpress.org/ticket/38903
	 */
	if ( $value === $old_value || maybe_serialize( $value ) === maybe_serialize( $old_value ) ) {
		return false;
	}

	/** This filter is documented in wp-includes/option.php */
	if ( apply_filters( &quot;default_option_{$option}&quot;, false, $option, false ) === $old_value ) {
		// Default setting for new options is &#039;yes&#039;.
		if ( null === $autoload ) {
			$autoload = &#039;yes&#039;;
		}

		return add_option( $option, $value, &#039;&#039;, $autoload );
	}

	$serialized_value = maybe_serialize( $value );

	/**
	 * Fires immediately before an option value is updated.
	 *
	 * @since 2.9.0
	 *
	 * @param string $option    Name of the option to update.
	 * @param mixed  $old_value The old option value.
	 * @param mixed  $value     The new option value.
	 */
	do_action( &#039;update_option&#039;, $option, $old_value, $value );

	$update_args = array(
		&#039;option_value&#039; =&gt; $serialized_value,
	);

	if ( null !== $autoload ) {
		$update_args[&#039;autoload&#039;] = ( &#039;no&#039; === $autoload || false === $autoload ) ? &#039;no&#039; : &#039;yes&#039;;
	}

	$result = $wpdb-&gt;update( $wpdb-&gt;options, $update_args, array( &#039;option_name&#039; =&gt; $option ) );
	if ( ! $result ) {
		return false;
	}

	$notoptions = wp_cache_get( &#039;notoptions&#039;, &#039;options&#039; );

	if ( is_array( $notoptions ) &amp;&amp; isset( $notoptions[ $option ] ) ) {
		unset( $notoptions[ $option ] );
		wp_cache_set( &#039;notoptions&#039;, $notoptions, &#039;options&#039; );
	}

	if ( ! wp_installing() ) {
		$alloptions = wp_load_alloptions( true );
		if ( isset( $alloptions[ $option ] ) ) {
			$alloptions[ $option ] = $serialized_value;
			wp_cache_set( &#039;alloptions&#039;, $alloptions, &#039;options&#039; );
		} else {
			wp_cache_set( $option, $serialized_value, &#039;options&#039; );
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Fires after the value of a specific option has been successfully updated.
	 *
	 * The dynamic portion of the hook name, `$option`, refers to the option name.
	 *
	 * @since 2.0.1
	 * @since 4.4.0 The `$option` parameter was added.
	 *
	 * @param mixed  $old_value The old option value.
	 * @param mixed  $value     The new option value.
	 * @param string $option    Option name.
	 */
	do_action( &quot;update_option_{$option}&quot;, $old_value, $value, $option );

	/**
	 * Fires after the value of an option has been successfully updated.
	 *
	 * @since 2.9.0
	 *
	 * @param string $option    Name of the updated option.
	 * @param mixed  $old_value The old option value.
	 * @param mixed  $value     The new option value.
	 */
	do_action( &#039;updated_option&#039;, $option, $old_value, $value );

	return true;
}

/**
 * Adds a new option.
 *
 * You do not need to serialize values. If the value needs to be serialized,
 * then it will be serialized before it is inserted into the database.
 * Remember, resources cannot be serialized or added as an option.
 *
 * You can create options without values and then update the values later.
 * Existing options will not be updated and checks are performed to ensure that you
 * aren&#039;t adding a protected WordPress option. Care should be taken to not name
 * options the same as the ones which are protected.
 *
 * @since 1.0.0
 *
 * @global wpdb $wpdb WordPress database abstraction object.
 *
 * @param string      $option     Name of the option to add. Expected to not be SQL-escaped.
 * @param mixed       $value      Optional. Option value. Must be serializable if non-scalar.
 *                                Expected to not be SQL-escaped.
 * @param string      $deprecated Optional. Description. Not used anymore.
 * @param string|bool $autoload   Optional. Whether to load the option when WordPress starts up.
 *                                Default is enabled. Accepts &#039;no&#039; to disable for legacy reasons.
 * @return bool True if the option was added, false otherwise.
 */
function add_option( $option, $value = &#039;&#039;, $deprecated = &#039;&#039;, $autoload = &#039;yes&#039; ) {
	global $wpdb;

	if ( ! empty( $deprecated ) ) {
		_deprecated_argument( __FUNCTION__, &#039;2.3.0&#039; );
	}

	if ( is_scalar( $option ) ) {
		$option = trim( $option );
	}

	if ( empty( $option ) ) {
		return false;
	}

	/*
	 * Until a proper _deprecated_option() function can be introduced,
	 * redirect requests to deprecated keys to the new, correct ones.
	 */
	$deprecated_keys = array(
		&#039;blacklist_keys&#039;    =&gt; &#039;disallowed_keys&#039;,
		&#039;comment_whitelist&#039; =&gt; &#039;comment_previously_approved&#039;,
	);

	if ( isset( $deprecated_keys[ $option ] ) &amp;&amp; ! wp_installing() ) {
		_deprecated_argument(
			__FUNCTION__,
			&#039;5.5.0&#039;,
			sprintf(
				/* translators: 1: Deprecated option key, 2: New option key. */
				__( &#039;The &quot;%1$s&quot; option key has been renamed to &quot;%2$s&quot;.&#039; ),
				$option,
				$deprecated_keys[ $option ]
			)
		);
		return add_option( $deprecated_keys[ $option ], $value, $deprecated, $autoload );
	}

	wp_protect_special_option( $option );

	if ( is_object( $value ) ) {
		$value = clone $value;
	}

	$value = sanitize_option( $option, $value );

	// Make sure the option doesn&#039;t already exist.
	// We can check the &#039;notoptions&#039; cache before we ask for a DB query.
	$notoptions = wp_cache_get( &#039;notoptions&#039;, &#039;options&#039; );

	if ( ! is_array( $notoptions ) || ! isset( $notoptions[ $option ] ) ) {
		/** This filter is documented in wp-includes/option.php */
		if ( apply_filters( &quot;default_option_{$option}&quot;, false, $option, false ) !== get_option( $option ) ) {
			return false;
		}
	}

	$serialized_value = maybe_serialize( $value );
	$autoload         = ( &#039;no&#039; === $autoload || false === $autoload ) ? &#039;no&#039; : &#039;yes&#039;;

	/**
	 * Fires before an option is added.
	 *
	 * @since 2.9.0
	 *
	 * @param string $option Name of the option to add.
	 * @param mixed  $value  Value of the option.
	 */
	do_action( &#039;add_option&#039;, $option, $value );

	$result = $wpdb-&gt;query( $wpdb-&gt;prepare( &quot;INSERT INTO `$wpdb-&gt;options` (`option_name`, `option_value`, `autoload`) VALUES (%s, %s, %s) ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE `option_name` = VALUES(`option_name`), `option_value` = VALUES(`option_value`), `autoload` = VALUES(`autoload`)&quot;, $option, $serialized_value, $autoload ) );
	if ( ! $result ) {
		return false;
	}

	if ( ! wp_installing() ) {
		if ( &#039;yes&#039; === $autoload ) {
			$alloptions            = wp_load_alloptions( true );
			$alloptions[ $option ] = $serialized_value;
			wp_cache_set( &#039;alloptions&#039;, $alloptions, &#039;options&#039; );
		} else {
			wp_cache_set( $option, $serialized_value, &#039;options&#039; );
		}
	}

	// This option exists now.
	$notoptions = wp_cache_get( &#039;notoptions&#039;, &#039;options&#039; ); // Yes, again... we need it to be fresh.

	if ( is_array( $notoptions ) &amp;&amp; isset( $notoptions[ $option ] ) ) {
		unset( $notoptions[ $option ] );
		wp_cache_set( &#039;notoptions&#039;, $notoptions, &#039;options&#039; );
	}

	/**
	 * Fires after a specific option has been added.
	 *
	 * The dynamic portion of the hook name, `$option`, refers to the option name.
	 *
	 * @since 2.5.0 As &quot;add_option_{$name}&quot;
	 * @since 3.0.0
	 *
	 * @param string $option Name of the option to add.
	 * @param mixed  $value  Value of the option.
	 */
	do_action( &quot;add_option_{$option}&quot;, $option, $value );

	/**
	 * Fires after an option has been added.
	 *
	 * @since 2.9.0
	 *
	 * @param string $option Name of the added option.
	 * @param mixed  $value  Value of the option.
	 */
	do_action( &#039;added_option&#039;, $option, $value );

	return true;
}

/**
 * Removes option by name. Prevents removal of protected WordPress options.
 *
 * @since 1.2.0
 *
 * @global wpdb $wpdb WordPress database abstraction object.
 *
 * @param string $option Name of the option to delete. Expected to not be SQL-escaped.
 * @return bool True if the option was deleted, false otherwise.
 */
function delete_option( $option ) {
	global $wpdb;

	if ( is_scalar( $option ) ) {
		$option = trim( $option );
	}

	if ( empty( $option ) ) {
		return false;
	}

	wp_protect_special_option( $option );

	// Get the ID, if no ID then return.
	$row = $wpdb-&gt;get_row( $wpdb-&gt;prepare( &quot;SELECT autoload FROM $wpdb-&gt;options WHERE option_name = %s&quot;, $option ) );
	if ( is_null( $row ) ) {
		return false;
	}

	/**
	 * Fires immediately before an option is deleted.
	 *
	 * @since 2.9.0
	 *
	 * @param string $option Name of the option to delete.
	 */
	do_action( &#039;delete_option&#039;, $option );

	$result = $wpdb-&gt;delete( $wpdb-&gt;options, array( &#039;option_name&#039; =&gt; $option ) );

	if ( ! wp_installing() ) {
		if ( &#039;yes&#039; === $row-&gt;autoload ) {
			$alloptions = wp_load_alloptions( true );
			if ( is_array( $alloptions ) &amp;&amp; isset( $alloptions[ $option ] ) ) {
				unset( $alloptions[ $option ] );
				wp_cache_set( &#039;alloptions&#039;, $alloptions, &#039;options&#039; );
			}
		} else {
			wp_cache_delete( $option, &#039;options&#039; );
		}
	}

	if ( $result ) {

		/**
		 * Fires after a specific option has been deleted.
		 *
		 * The dynamic portion of the hook name, `$option`, refers to the option name.
		 *
		 * @since 3.0.0
		 *
		 * @param string $option Name of the deleted option.
		 */
		do_action( &quot;delete_option_{$option}&quot;, $option );

		/**
		 * Fires after an option has been deleted.
		 *
		 * @since 2.9.0
		 *
		 * @param string $option Name of the deleted option.
		 */
		do_action( &#039;deleted_option&#039;, $option );

		return true;
	}

	return false;
}

/**
 * Deletes a transient.
 *
 * @since 2.8.0
 *
 * @param string $transient Transient name. Expected to not be SQL-escaped.
 * @return bool True if the transient was deleted, false otherwise.
 */
function delete_transient( $transient ) {

	/**
	 * Fires immediately before a specific transient is deleted.
	 *
	 * The dynamic portion of the hook name, `$transient`, refers to the transient name.
	 *
	 * @since 3.0.0
	 *
	 * @param string $transient Transient name.
	 */
	do_action( &quot;delete_transient_{$transient}&quot;, $transient );

	if ( wp_using_ext_object_cache() || wp_installing() ) {
		$result = wp_cache_delete( $transient, &#039;transient&#039; );
	} else {
		$option_timeout = &#039;_transient_timeout_&#039; . $transient;
		$option         = &#039;_transient_&#039; . $transient;
		$result         = delete_option( $option );

		if ( $result ) {
			delete_option( $option_timeout );
		}
	}

	if ( $result ) {

		/**
		 * Fires after a transient is deleted.
		 *
		 * @since 3.0.0
		 *
		 * @param string $transient Deleted transient name.
		 */
		do_action( &#039;deleted_transient&#039;, $transient );
	}

	return $result;
}

/**
 * Retrieves the value of a transient.
 *
 * If the transient does not exist, does not have a value, or has expired,
 * then the return value will be false.
 *
 * @since 2.8.0
 *
 * @param string $transient Transient name. Expected to not be SQL-escaped.
 * @return mixed Value of transient.
 */
function get_transient( $transient ) {

	/**
	 * Filters the value of an existing transient before it is retrieved.
	 *
	 * The dynamic portion of the hook name, `$transient`, refers to the transient name.
	 *
	 * Returning a value other than false from the filter will short-circuit retrieval
	 * and return that value instead.
	 *
	 * @since 2.8.0
	 * @since 4.4.0 The `$transient` parameter was added
	 *
	 * @param mixed  $pre_transient The default value to return if the transient does not exist.
	 *                              Any value other than false will short-circuit the retrieval
	 *                              of the transient, and return that value.
	 * @param string $transient     Transient name.
	 */
	$pre = apply_filters( &quot;pre_transient_{$transient}&quot;, false, $transient );

	if ( false !== $pre ) {
		return $pre;
	}

	if ( wp_using_ext_object_cache() || wp_installing() ) {
		$value = wp_cache_get( $transient, &#039;transient&#039; );
	} else {
		$transient_option = &#039;_transient_&#039; . $transient;
		if ( ! wp_installing() ) {
			// If option is not in alloptions, it is not autoloaded and thus has a timeout.
			$alloptions = wp_load_alloptions();
			if ( ! isset( $alloptions[ $transient_option ] ) ) {
				$transient_timeout = &#039;_transient_timeout_&#039; . $transient;
				$timeout           = get_option( $transient_timeout );
				if ( false !== $timeout &amp;&amp; $timeout &lt; time() ) {
					delete_option( $transient_option );
					delete_option( $transient_timeout );
					$value = false;
				}
			}
		}

		if ( ! isset( $value ) ) {
			$value = get_option( $transient_option );
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Filters an existing transient&#039;s value.
	 *
	 * The dynamic portion of the hook name, `$transient`, refers to the transient name.
	 *
	 * @since 2.8.0
	 * @since 4.4.0 The `$transient` parameter was added
	 *
	 * @param mixed  $value     Value of transient.
	 * @param string $transient Transient name.
	 */
	return apply_filters( &quot;transient_{$transient}&quot;, $value, $transient );
}

/**
 * Sets/updates the value of a transient.
 *
 * You do not need to serialize values. If the value needs to be serialized,
 * then it will be serialized before it is set.
 *
 * @since 2.8.0
 *
 * @param string $transient  Transient name. Expected to not be SQL-escaped.
 *                           Must be 172 characters or fewer in length.
 * @param mixed  $value      Transient value. Must be serializable if non-scalar.
 *                           Expected to not be SQL-escaped.
 * @param int    $expiration Optional. Time until expiration in seconds. Default 0 (no expiration).
 * @return bool True if the value was set, false otherwise.
 */
function set_transient( $transient, $value, $expiration = 0 ) {

	$expiration = (int) $expiration;

	/**
	 * Filters a specific transient before its value is set.
	 *
	 * The dynamic portion of the hook name, `$transient`, refers to the transient name.
	 *
	 * @since 3.0.0
	 * @since 4.2.0 The `$expiration` parameter was added.
	 * @since 4.4.0 The `$transient` parameter was added.
	 *
	 * @param mixed  $value      New value of transient.
	 * @param int    $expiration Time until expiration in seconds.
	 * @param string $transient  Transient name.
	 */
	$value = apply_filters( &quot;pre_set_transient_{$transient}&quot;, $value, $expiration, $transient );

	/**
	 * Filters the expiration for a transient before its value is set.
	 *
	 * The dynamic portion of the hook name, `$transient`, refers to the transient name.
	 *
	 * @since 4.4.0
	 *
	 * @param int    $expiration Time until expiration in seconds. Use 0 for no expiration.
	 * @param mixed  $value      New value of transient.
	 * @param string $transient  Transient name.
	 */
	$expiration = apply_filters( &quot;expiration_of_transient_{$transient}&quot;, $expiration, $value, $transient );

	if ( wp_using_ext_object_cache() || wp_installing() ) {
		$result = wp_cache_set( $transient, $value, &#039;transient&#039;, $expiration );
	} else {
		$transient_timeout = &#039;_transient_timeout_&#039; . $transient;
		$transient_option  = &#039;_transient_&#039; . $transient;

		if ( false === get_option( $transient_option ) ) {
			$autoload = &#039;yes&#039;;
			if ( $expiration ) {
				$autoload = &#039;no&#039;;
				add_option( $transient_timeout, time() + $expiration, &#039;&#039;, &#039;no&#039; );
			}
			$result = add_option( $transient_option, $value, &#039;&#039;, $autoload );
		} else {
			// If expiration is requested, but the transient has no timeout option,
			// delete, then re-create transient rather than update.
			$update = true;

			if ( $expiration ) {
				if ( false === get_option( $transient_timeout ) ) {
					delete_option( $transient_option );
					add_option( $transient_timeout, time() + $expiration, &#039;&#039;, &#039;no&#039; );
					$result = add_option( $transient_option, $value, &#039;&#039;, &#039;no&#039; );
					$update = false;
				} else {
					update_option( $transient_timeout, time() + $expiration );
				}
			}

			if ( $update ) {
				$result = update_option( $transient_option, $value );
			}
		}
	}

	if ( $result ) {

		/**
		 * Fires after the value for a specific transient has been set.
		 *
		 * The dynamic portion of the hook name, `$transient`, refers to the transient name.
		 *
		 * @since 3.0.0
		 * @since 3.6.0 The `$value` and `$expiration` parameters were added.
		 * @since 4.4.0 The `$transient` parameter was added.
		 *
		 * @param mixed  $value      Transient value.
		 * @param int    $expiration Time until expiration in seconds.
		 * @param string $transient  The name of the transient.
		 */
		do_action( &quot;set_transient_{$transient}&quot;, $value, $expiration, $transient );

		/**
		 * Fires after the value for a transient has been set.
		 *
		 * @since 3.0.0
		 * @since 3.6.0 The `$value` and `$expiration` parameters were added.
		 *
		 * @param string $transient  The name of the transient.
		 * @param mixed  $value      Transient value.
		 * @param int    $expiration Time until expiration in seconds.
		 */
		do_action( &#039;setted_transient&#039;, $transient, $value, $expiration );
	}

	return $result;
}

/**
 * Deletes all expired transients.
 *
 * Note that this function won&#039;t do anything if an external object cache is in use.
 *
 * The multi-table delete syntax is used to delete the transient record
 * from table a, and the corresponding transient_timeout record from table b.
 *
 * @global wpdb $wpdb WordPress database abstraction object.
 *
 * @since 4.9.0
 *
 * @param bool $force_db Optional. Force cleanup to run against the database even when an external object cache is used.
 */
function delete_expired_transients( $force_db = false ) {
	global $wpdb;

	if ( ! $force_db &amp;&amp; wp_using_ext_object_cache() ) {
		return;
	}

	$wpdb-&gt;query(
		$wpdb-&gt;prepare(
			&quot;DELETE a, b FROM {$wpdb-&gt;options} a, {$wpdb-&gt;options} b
			WHERE a.option_name LIKE %s
			AND a.option_name NOT LIKE %s
			AND b.option_name = CONCAT( &#039;_transient_timeout_&#039;, SUBSTRING( a.option_name, 12 ) )
			AND b.option_value &lt; %d&quot;,
			$wpdb-&gt;esc_like( &#039;_transient_&#039; ) . &#039;%&#039;,
			$wpdb-&gt;esc_like( &#039;_transient_timeout_&#039; ) . &#039;%&#039;,
			time()
		)
	);

	if ( ! is_multisite() ) {
		// Single site stores site transients in the options table.
		$wpdb-&gt;query(
			$wpdb-&gt;prepare(
				&quot;DELETE a, b FROM {$wpdb-&gt;options} a, {$wpdb-&gt;options} b
				WHERE a.option_name LIKE %s
				AND a.option_name NOT LIKE %s
				AND b.option_name = CONCAT( &#039;_site_transient_timeout_&#039;, SUBSTRING( a.option_name, 17 ) )
				AND b.option_value &lt; %d&quot;,
				$wpdb-&gt;esc_like( &#039;_site_transient_&#039; ) . &#039;%&#039;,
				$wpdb-&gt;esc_like( &#039;_site_transient_timeout_&#039; ) . &#039;%&#039;,
				time()
			)
		);
	} elseif ( is_multisite() &amp;&amp; is_main_site() &amp;&amp; is_main_network() ) {
		// Multisite stores site transients in the sitemeta table.
		$wpdb-&gt;query(
			$wpdb-&gt;prepare(
				&quot;DELETE a, b FROM {$wpdb-&gt;sitemeta} a, {$wpdb-&gt;sitemeta} b
				WHERE a.meta_key LIKE %s
				AND a.meta_key NOT LIKE %s
				AND b.meta_key = CONCAT( &#039;_site_transient_timeout_&#039;, SUBSTRING( a.meta_key, 17 ) )
				AND b.meta_value &lt; %d&quot;,
				$wpdb-&gt;esc_like( &#039;_site_transient_&#039; ) . &#039;%&#039;,
				$wpdb-&gt;esc_like( &#039;_site_transient_timeout_&#039; ) . &#039;%&#039;,
				time()
			)
		);
	}
}

/**
 * Saves and restores user interface settings stored in a cookie.
 *
 * Checks if the current user-settings cookie is updated and stores it. When no
 * cookie exists (different browser used), adds the last saved cookie restoring
 * the settings.
 *
 * @since 2.7.0
 */
function wp_user_settings() {

	if ( ! is_admin() || wp_doing_ajax() ) {
		return;
	}

	$user_id = get_current_user_id();
	if ( ! $user_id ) {
		return;
	}

	if ( ! is_user_member_of_blog() ) {
		return;
	}

	$settings = (string) get_user_option( &#039;user-settings&#039;, $user_id );

	if ( isset( $_COOKIE[ &#039;wp-settings-&#039; . $user_id ] ) ) {
		$cookie = preg_replace( &#039;/[^A-Za-z0-9=&amp;_]/&#039;, &#039;&#039;, $_COOKIE[ &#039;wp-settings-&#039; . $user_id ] );

		// No change or both empty.
		if ( $cookie == $settings ) {
			return;
		}

		$last_saved = (int) get_user_option( &#039;user-settings-time&#039;, $user_id );
		$current    = isset( $_COOKIE[ &#039;wp-settings-time-&#039; . $user_id ] ) ? preg_replace( &#039;/[^0-9]/&#039;, &#039;&#039;, $_COOKIE[ &#039;wp-settings-time-&#039; . $user_id ] ) : 0;

		// The cookie is newer than the saved value. Update the user_option and leave the cookie as-is.
		if ( $current &gt; $last_saved ) {
			update_user_option( $user_id, &#039;user-settings&#039;, $cookie, false );
			update_user_option( $user_id, &#039;user-settings-time&#039;, time() - 5, false );
			return;
		}
	}

	// The cookie is not set in the current browser or the saved value is newer.
	$secure = ( &#039;https&#039; === parse_url( admin_url(), PHP_URL_SCHEME ) );
	setcookie( &#039;wp-settings-&#039; . $user_id, $settings, time() + YEAR_IN_SECONDS, SITECOOKIEPATH, &#039;&#039;, $secure );
	setcookie( &#039;wp-settings-time-&#039; . $user_id, time(), time() + YEAR_IN_SECONDS, SITECOOKIEPATH, &#039;&#039;, $secure );
	$_COOKIE[ &#039;wp-settings-&#039; . $user_id ] = $settings;
}

/**
 * Retrieves user interface setting value based on setting name.
 *
 * @since 2.7.0
 *
 * @param string       $name          The name of the setting.
 * @param string|false $default_value Optional. Default value to return when $name is not set. Default false.
 * @return mixed The last saved user setting or the default value/false if it doesn&#039;t exist.
 */
function get_user_setting( $name, $default_value = false ) {
	$all_user_settings = get_all_user_settings();

	return isset( $all_user_settings[ $name ] ) ? $all_user_settings[ $name ] : $default_value;
}

/**
 * Adds or updates user interface setting.
 *
 * Both `$name` and `$value` can contain only ASCII letters, numbers, hyphens, and underscores.
 *
 * This function has to be used before any output has started as it calls `setcookie()`.
 *
 * @since 2.8.0
 *
 * @param string $name  The name of the setting.
 * @param string $value The value for the setting.
 * @return bool|null True if set successfully, false otherwise.
 *                   Null if the current user is not a member of the site.
 */
function set_user_setting( $name, $value ) {
	if ( headers_sent() ) {
		return false;
	}

	$all_user_settings          = get_all_user_settings();
	$all_user_settings[ $name ] = $value;

	return wp_set_all_user_settings( $all_user_settings );
}

/**
 * Deletes user interface settings.
 *
 * Deleting settings would reset them to the defaults.
 *
 * This function has to be used before any output has started as it calls `setcookie()`.
 *
 * @since 2.7.0
 *
 * @param string $names The name or array of names of the setting to be deleted.
 * @return bool|null True if deleted successfully, false otherwise.
 *                   Null if the current user is not a member of the site.
 */
function delete_user_setting( $names ) {
	if ( headers_sent() ) {
		return false;
	}

	$all_user_settings = get_all_user_settings();
	$names             = (array) $names;
	$deleted           = false;

	foreach ( $names as $name ) {
		if ( isset( $all_user_settings[ $name ] ) ) {
			unset( $all_user_settings[ $name ] );
			$deleted = true;
		}
	}

	if ( $deleted ) {
		return wp_set_all_user_settings( $all_user_settings );
	}

	return false;
}

/**
 * Retrieves all user interface settings.
 *
 * @since 2.7.0
 *
 * @global array $_updated_user_settings
 *
 * @return array The last saved user settings or empty array.
 */
function get_all_user_settings() {
	global $_updated_user_settings;

	$user_id = get_current_user_id();
	if ( ! $user_id ) {
		return array();
	}

	if ( isset( $_updated_user_settings ) &amp;&amp; is_array( $_updated_user_settings ) ) {
		return $_updated_user_settings;
	}

	$user_settings = array();

	if ( isset( $_COOKIE[ &#039;wp-settings-&#039; . $user_id ] ) ) {
		$cookie = preg_replace( &#039;/[^A-Za-z0-9=&amp;_-]/&#039;, &#039;&#039;, $_COOKIE[ &#039;wp-settings-&#039; . $user_id ] );

		if ( strpos( $cookie, &#039;=&#039; ) ) { // &#039;=&#039; cannot be 1st char.
			parse_str( $cookie, $user_settings );
		}
	} else {
		$option = get_user_option( &#039;user-settings&#039;, $user_id );

		if ( $option &amp;&amp; is_string( $option ) ) {
			parse_str( $option, $user_settings );
		}
	}

	$_updated_user_settings = $user_settings;
	return $user_settings;
}

/**
 * Private. Sets all user interface settings.
 *
 * @since 2.8.0
 * @access private
 *
 * @global array $_updated_user_settings
 *
 * @param array $user_settings User settings.
 * @return bool|null True if set successfully, false if the current user could not be found.
 *                   Null if the current user is not a member of the site.
 */
function wp_set_all_user_settings( $user_settings ) {
	global $_updated_user_settings;

	$user_id = get_current_user_id();
	if ( ! $user_id ) {
		return false;
	}

	if ( ! is_user_member_of_blog() ) {
		return;
	}

	$settings = &#039;&#039;;
	foreach ( $user_settings as $name =&gt; $value ) {
		$_name  = preg_replace( &#039;/[^A-Za-z0-9_-]+/&#039;, &#039;&#039;, $name );
		$_value = preg_replace( &#039;/[^A-Za-z0-9_-]+/&#039;, &#039;&#039;, $value );

		if ( ! empty( $_name ) ) {
			$settings .= $_name . &#039;=&#039; . $_value . &#039;&amp;&#039;;
		}
	}

	$settings = rtrim( $settings, &#039;&amp;&#039; );
	parse_str( $settings, $_updated_user_settings );

	update_user_option( $user_id, &#039;user-settings&#039;, $settings, false );
	update_user_option( $user_id, &#039;user-settings-time&#039;, time(), false );

	return true;
}

/**
 * Deletes the user settings of the current user.
 *
 * @since 2.7.0
 */
function delete_all_user_settings() {
	$user_id = get_current_user_id();
	if ( ! $user_id ) {
		return;
	}

	update_user_option( $user_id, &#039;user-settings&#039;, &#039;&#039;, false );
	setcookie( &#039;wp-settings-&#039; . $user_id, &#039; &#039;, time() - YEAR_IN_SECONDS, SITECOOKIEPATH );
}

/**
 * Retrieve an option value for the current network based on name of option.
 *
 * @since 2.8.0
 * @since 4.4.0 The `$use_cache` parameter was deprecated.
 * @since 4.4.0 Modified into wrapper for get_network_option()
 *
 * @see get_network_option()
 *
 * @param string $option        Name of the option to retrieve. Expected to not be SQL-escaped.
 * @param mixed  $default_value Optional. Value to return if the option doesn&#039;t exist. Default false.
 * @param bool   $deprecated    Whether to use cache. Multisite only. Always set to true.
 * @return mixed Value set for the option.
 */
function get_site_option( $option, $default_value = false, $deprecated = true ) {
	return get_network_option( null, $option, $default_value );
}

/**
 * Adds a new option for the current network.
 *
 * Existing options will not be updated. Note that prior to 3.3 this wasn&#039;t the case.
 *
 * @since 2.8.0
 * @since 4.4.0 Modified into wrapper for add_network_option()
 *
 * @see add_network_option()
 *
 * @param string $option Name of the option to add. Expected to not be SQL-escaped.
 * @param mixed  $value  Option value, can be anything. Expected to not be SQL-escaped.
 * @return bool True if the option was added, false otherwise.
 */
function add_site_option( $option, $value ) {
	return add_network_option( null, $option, $value );
}

/**
 * Removes a option by name for the current network.
 *
 * @since 2.8.0
 * @since 4.4.0 Modified into wrapper for delete_network_option()
 *
 * @see delete_network_option()
 *
 * @param string $option Name of the option to delete. Expected to not be SQL-escaped.
 * @return bool True if the option was deleted, false otherwise.
 */
function delete_site_option( $option ) {
	return delete_network_option( null, $option );
}

/**
 * Updates the value of an option that was already added for the current network.
 *
 * @since 2.8.0
 * @since 4.4.0 Modified into wrapper for update_network_option()
 *
 * @see update_network_option()
 *
 * @param string $option Name of the option. Expected to not be SQL-escaped.
 * @param mixed  $value  Option value. Expected to not be SQL-escaped.
 * @return bool True if the value was updated, false otherwise.
 */
function update_site_option( $option, $value ) {
	return update_network_option( null, $option, $value );
}

/**
 * Retrieves a network&#039;s option value based on the option name.
 *
 * @since 4.4.0
 *
 * @see get_option()
 *
 * @global wpdb $wpdb WordPress database abstraction object.
 *
 * @param int    $network_id    ID of the network. Can be null to default to the current network ID.
 * @param string $option        Name of the option to retrieve. Expected to not be SQL-escaped.
 * @param mixed  $default_value Optional. Value to return if the option doesn&#039;t exist. Default false.
 * @return mixed Value set for the option.
 */
function get_network_option( $network_id, $option, $default_value = false ) {
	global $wpdb;

	if ( $network_id &amp;&amp; ! is_numeric( $network_id ) ) {
		return false;
	}

	$network_id = (int) $network_id;

	// Fallback to the current network if a network ID is not specified.
	if ( ! $network_id ) {
		$network_id = get_current_network_id();
	}

	/**
	 * Filters the value of an existing network option before it is retrieved.
	 *
	 * The dynamic portion of the hook name, `$option`, refers to the option name.
	 *
	 * Returning a value other than false from the filter will short-circuit retrieval
	 * and return that value instead.
	 *
	 * @since 2.9.0 As &#039;pre_site_option_&#039; . $key
	 * @since 3.0.0
	 * @since 4.4.0 The `$option` parameter was added.
	 * @since 4.7.0 The `$network_id` parameter was added.
	 * @since 4.9.0 The `$default_value` parameter was added.
	 *
	 * @param mixed  $pre_option    The value to return instead of the option value. This differs from
	 *                              `$default_value`, which is used as the fallback value in the event
	 *                              the option doesn&#039;t exist elsewhere in get_network_option().
	 *                              Default false (to skip past the short-circuit).
	 * @param string $option        Option name.
	 * @param int    $network_id    ID of the network.
	 * @param mixed  $default_value The fallback value to return if the option does not exist.
	 *                              Default false.
	 */
	$pre = apply_filters( &quot;pre_site_option_{$option}&quot;, false, $option, $network_id, $default_value );

	if ( false !== $pre ) {
		return $pre;
	}

	// Prevent non-existent options from triggering multiple queries.
	$notoptions_key = &quot;$network_id:notoptions&quot;;
	$notoptions     = wp_cache_get( $notoptions_key, &#039;site-options&#039; );

	if ( is_array( $notoptions ) &amp;&amp; isset( $notoptions[ $option ] ) ) {

		/**
		 * Filters the value of a specific default network option.
		 *
		 * The dynamic portion of the hook name, `$option`, refers to the option name.
		 *
		 * @since 3.4.0
		 * @since 4.4.0 The `$option` parameter was added.
		 * @since 4.7.0 The `$network_id` parameter was added.
		 *
		 * @param mixed  $default_value The value to return if the site option does not exist
		 *                              in the database.
		 * @param string $option        Option name.
		 * @param int    $network_id    ID of the network.
		 */
		return apply_filters( &quot;default_site_option_{$option}&quot;, $default_value, $option, $network_id );
	}

	if ( ! is_multisite() ) {
		/** This filter is documented in wp-includes/option.php */
		$default_value = apply_filters( &#039;default_site_option_&#039; . $option, $default_value, $option, $network_id );
		$value         = get_option( $option, $default_value );
	} else {
		$cache_key = &quot;$network_id:$option&quot;;
		$value     = wp_cache_get( $cache_key, &#039;site-options&#039; );

		if ( ! isset( $value ) || false === $value ) {
			$row = $wpdb-&gt;get_row( $wpdb-&gt;prepare( &quot;SELECT meta_value FROM $wpdb-&gt;sitemeta WHERE meta_key = %s AND site_id = %d&quot;, $option, $network_id ) );

			// Has to be get_row() instead of get_var() because of funkiness with 0, false, null values.
			if ( is_object( $row ) ) {
				$value = $row-&gt;meta_value;
				$value = maybe_unserialize( $value );
				wp_cache_set( $cache_key, $value, &#039;site-options&#039; );
			} else {
				if ( ! is_array( $notoptions ) ) {
					$notoptions = array();
				}

				$notoptions[ $option ] = true;
				wp_cache_set( $notoptions_key, $notoptions, &#039;site-options&#039; );

				/** This filter is documented in wp-includes/option.php */
				$value = apply_filters( &#039;default_site_option_&#039; . $option, $default_value, $option, $network_id );
			}
		}
	}

	if ( ! is_array( $notoptions ) ) {
		$notoptions = array();
		wp_cache_set( $notoptions_key, $notoptions, &#039;site-options&#039; );
	}

	/**
	 * Filters the value of an existing network option.
	 *
	 * The dynamic portion of the hook name, `$option`, refers to the option name.
	 *
	 * @since 2.9.0 As &#039;site_option_&#039; . $key
	 * @since 3.0.0
	 * @since 4.4.0 The `$option` parameter was added.
	 * @since 4.7.0 The `$network_id` parameter was added.
	 *
	 * @param mixed  $value      Value of network option.
	 * @param string $option     Option name.
	 * @param int    $network_id ID of the network.
	 */
	return apply_filters( &quot;site_option_{$option}&quot;, $value, $option, $network_id );
}

/**
 * Adds a new network option.
 *
 * Existing options will not be updated.
 *
 * @since 4.4.0
 *
 * @see add_option()
 *
 * @global wpdb $wpdb WordPress database abstraction object.
 *
 * @param int    $network_id ID of the network. Can be null to default to the current network ID.
 * @param string $option     Name of the option to add. Expected to not be SQL-escaped.
 * @param mixed  $value      Option value, can be anything. Expected to not be SQL-escaped.
 * @return bool True if the option was added, false otherwise.
 */
function add_network_option( $network_id, $option, $value ) {
	global $wpdb;

	if ( $network_id &amp;&amp; ! is_numeric( $network_id ) ) {
		return false;
	}

	$network_id = (int) $network_id;

	// Fallback to the current network if a network ID is not specified.
	if ( ! $network_id ) {
		$network_id = get_current_network_id();
	}

	wp_protect_special_option( $option );

	/**
	 * Filters the value of a specific network option before it is added.
	 *
	 * The dynamic portion of the hook name, `$option`, refers to the option name.
	 *
	 * @since 2.9.0 As &#039;pre_add_site_option_&#039; . $key
	 * @since 3.0.0
	 * @since 4.4.0 The `$option` parameter was added.
	 * @since 4.7.0 The `$network_id` parameter was added.
	 *
	 * @param mixed  $value      Value of network option.
	 * @param string $option     Option name.
	 * @param int    $network_id ID of the network.
	 */
	$value = apply_filters( &quot;pre_add_site_option_{$option}&quot;, $value, $option, $network_id );

	$notoptions_key = &quot;$network_id:notoptions&quot;;

	if ( ! is_multisite() ) {
		$result = add_option( $option, $value, &#039;&#039;, &#039;no&#039; );
	} else {
		$cache_key = &quot;$network_id:$option&quot;;

		// Make sure the option doesn&#039;t already exist.
		// We can check the &#039;notoptions&#039; cache before we ask for a DB query.
		$notoptions = wp_cache_get( $notoptions_key, &#039;site-options&#039; );

		if ( ! is_array( $notoptions ) || ! isset( $notoptions[ $option ] ) ) {
			if ( false !== get_network_option( $network_id, $option, false ) ) {
				return false;
			}
		}

		$value = sanitize_option( $option, $value );

		$serialized_value = maybe_serialize( $value );
		$result           = $wpdb-&gt;insert(
			$wpdb-&gt;sitemeta,
			array(
				&#039;site_id&#039;    =&gt; $network_id,
				&#039;meta_key&#039;   =&gt; $option,
				&#039;meta_value&#039; =&gt; $serialized_value,
			)
		);

		if ( ! $result ) {
			return false;
		}

		wp_cache_set( $cache_key, $value, &#039;site-options&#039; );

		// This option exists now.
		$notoptions = wp_cache_get( $notoptions_key, &#039;site-options&#039; ); // Yes, again... we need it to be fresh.

		if ( is_array( $notoptions ) &amp;&amp; isset( $notoptions[ $option ] ) ) {
			unset( $notoptions[ $option ] );
			wp_cache_set( $notoptions_key, $notoptions, &#039;site-options&#039; );
		}
	}

	if ( $result ) {

		/**
		 * Fires after a specific network option has been successfully added.
		 *
		 * The dynamic portion of the hook name, `$option`, refers to the option name.
		 *
		 * @since 2.9.0 As &quot;add_site_option_{$key}&quot;
		 * @since 3.0.0
		 * @since 4.7.0 The `$network_id` parameter was added.
		 *
		 * @param string $option     Name of the network option.
		 * @param mixed  $value      Value of the network option.
		 * @param int    $network_id ID of the network.
		 */
		do_action( &quot;add_site_option_{$option}&quot;, $option, $value, $network_id );

		/**
		 * Fires after a network option has been successfully added.
		 *
		 * @since 3.0.0
		 * @since 4.7.0 The `$network_id` parameter was added.
		 *
		 * @param string $option     Name of the network option.
		 * @param mixed  $value      Value of the network option.
		 * @param int    $network_id ID of the network.
		 */
		do_action( &#039;add_site_option&#039;, $option, $value, $network_id );

		return true;
	}

	return false;
}

/**
 * Removes a network option by name.
 *
 * @since 4.4.0
 *
 * @see delete_option()
 *
 * @global wpdb $wpdb WordPress database abstraction object.
 *
 * @param int    $network_id ID of the network. Can be null to default to the current network ID.
 * @param string $option     Name of the option to delete. Expected to not be SQL-escaped.
 * @return bool True if the option was deleted, false otherwise.
 */
function delete_network_option( $network_id, $option ) {
	global $wpdb;

	if ( $network_id &amp;&amp; ! is_numeric( $network_id ) ) {
		return false;
	}

	$network_id = (int) $network_id;

	// Fallback to the current network if a network ID is not specified.
	if ( ! $network_id ) {
		$network_id = get_current_network_id();
	}

	/**
	 * Fires immediately before a specific network option is deleted.
	 *
	 * The dynamic portion of the hook name, `$option`, refers to the option name.
	 *
	 * @since 3.0.0
	 * @since 4.4.0 The `$option` parameter was added.
	 * @since 4.7.0 The `$network_id` parameter was added.
	 *
	 * @param string $option     Option name.
	 * @param int    $network_id ID of the network.
	 */
	do_action( &quot;pre_delete_site_option_{$option}&quot;, $option, $network_id );

	if ( ! is_multisite() ) {
		$result = delete_option( $option );
	} else {
		$row = $wpdb-&gt;get_row( $wpdb-&gt;prepare( &quot;SELECT meta_id FROM {$wpdb-&gt;sitemeta} WHERE meta_key = %s AND site_id = %d&quot;, $option, $network_id ) );
		if ( is_null( $row ) || ! $row-&gt;meta_id ) {
			return false;
		}
		$cache_key = &quot;$network_id:$option&quot;;
		wp_cache_delete( $cache_key, &#039;site-options&#039; );

		$result = $wpdb-&gt;delete(
			$wpdb-&gt;sitemeta,
			array(
				&#039;meta_key&#039; =&gt; $option,
				&#039;site_id&#039;  =&gt; $network_id,
			)
		);
	}

	if ( $result ) {

		/**
		 * Fires after a specific network option has been deleted.
		 *
		 * The dynamic portion of the hook name, `$option`, refers to the option name.
		 *
		 * @since 2.9.0 As &quot;delete_site_option_{$key}&quot;
		 * @since 3.0.0
		 * @since 4.7.0 The `$network_id` parameter was added.
		 *
		 * @param string $option     Name of the network option.
		 * @param int    $network_id ID of the network.
		 */
		do_action( &quot;delete_site_option_{$option}&quot;, $option, $network_id );

		/**
		 * Fires after a network option has been deleted.
		 *
		 * @since 3.0.0
		 * @since 4.7.0 The `$network_id` parameter was added.
		 *
		 * @param string $option     Name of the network option.
		 * @param int    $network_id ID of the network.
		 */
		do_action( &#039;delete_site_option&#039;, $option, $network_id );

		return true;
	}

	return false;
}

/**
 * Updates the value of a network option that was already added.
 *
 * @since 4.4.0
 *
 * @see update_option()
 *
 * @global wpdb $wpdb WordPress database abstraction object.
 *
 * @param int    $network_id ID of the network. Can be null to default to the current network ID.
 * @param string $option     Name of the option. Expected to not be SQL-escaped.
 * @param mixed  $value      Option value. Expected to not be SQL-escaped.
 * @return bool True if the value was updated, false otherwise.
 */
function update_network_option( $network_id, $option, $value ) {
	global $wpdb;

	if ( $network_id &amp;&amp; ! is_numeric( $network_id ) ) {
		return false;
	}

	$network_id = (int) $network_id;

	// Fallback to the current network if a network ID is not specified.
	if ( ! $network_id ) {
		$network_id = get_current_network_id();
	}

	wp_protect_special_option( $option );

	$old_value = get_network_option( $network_id, $option, false );

	/**
	 * Filters a specific network option before its value is updated.
	 *
	 * The dynamic portion of the hook name, `$option`, refers to the option name.
	 *
	 * @since 2.9.0 As &#039;pre_update_site_option_&#039; . $key
	 * @since 3.0.0
	 * @since 4.4.0 The `$option` parameter was added.
	 * @since 4.7.0 The `$network_id` parameter was added.
	 *
	 * @param mixed  $value      New value of the network option.
	 * @param mixed  $old_value  Old value of the network option.
	 * @param string $option     Option name.
	 * @param int    $network_id ID of the network.
	 */
	$value = apply_filters( &quot;pre_update_site_option_{$option}&quot;, $value, $old_value, $option, $network_id );

	/*
	 * If the new and old values are the same, no need to update.
	 *
	 * Unserialized values will be adequate in most cases. If the unserialized
	 * data differs, the (maybe) serialized data is checked to avoid
	 * unnecessary database calls for otherwise identical object instances.
	 *
	 * See https://core.trac.wordpress.org/ticket/44956
	 */
	if ( $value === $old_value || maybe_serialize( $value ) === maybe_serialize( $old_value ) ) {
		return false;
	}

	if ( false === $old_value ) {
		return add_network_option( $network_id, $option, $value );
	}

	$notoptions_key = &quot;$network_id:notoptions&quot;;
	$notoptions     = wp_cache_get( $notoptions_key, &#039;site-options&#039; );

	if ( is_array( $notoptions ) &amp;&amp; isset( $notoptions[ $option ] ) ) {
		unset( $notoptions[ $option ] );
		wp_cache_set( $notoptions_key, $notoptions, &#039;site-options&#039; );
	}

	if ( ! is_multisite() ) {
		$result = update_option( $option, $value, &#039;no&#039; );
	} else {
		$value = sanitize_option( $option, $value );

		$serialized_value = maybe_serialize( $value );
		$result           = $wpdb-&gt;update(
			$wpdb-&gt;sitemeta,
			array( &#039;meta_value&#039; =&gt; $serialized_value ),
			array(
				&#039;site_id&#039;  =&gt; $network_id,
				&#039;meta_key&#039; =&gt; $option,
			)
		);

		if ( $result ) {
			$cache_key = &quot;$network_id:$option&quot;;
			wp_cache_set( $cache_key, $value, &#039;site-options&#039; );
		}
	}

	if ( $result ) {

		/**
		 * Fires after the value of a specific network option has been successfully updated.
		 *
		 * The dynamic portion of the hook name, `$option`, refers to the option name.
		 *
		 * @since 2.9.0 As &quot;update_site_option_{$key}&quot;
		 * @since 3.0.0
		 * @since 4.7.0 The `$network_id` parameter was added.
		 *
		 * @param string $option     Name of the network option.
		 * @param mixed  $value      Current value of the network option.
		 * @param mixed  $old_value  Old value of the network option.
		 * @param int    $network_id ID of the network.
		 */
		do_action( &quot;update_site_option_{$option}&quot;, $option, $value, $old_value, $network_id );

		/**
		 * Fires after the value of a network option has been successfully updated.
		 *
		 * @since 3.0.0
		 * @since 4.7.0 The `$network_id` parameter was added.
		 *
		 * @param string $option     Name of the network option.
		 * @param mixed  $value      Current value of the network option.
		 * @param mixed  $old_value  Old value of the network option.
		 * @param int    $network_id ID of the network.
		 */
		do_action( &#039;update_site_option&#039;, $option, $value, $old_value, $network_id );

		return true;
	}

	return false;
}

/**
 * Deletes a site transient.
 *
 * @since 2.9.0
 *
 * @param string $transient Transient name. Expected to not be SQL-escaped.
 * @return bool True if the transient was deleted, false otherwise.
 */
function delete_site_transient( $transient ) {

	/**
	 * Fires immediately before a specific site transient is deleted.
	 *
	 * The dynamic portion of the hook name, `$transient`, refers to the transient name.
	 *
	 * @since 3.0.0
	 *
	 * @param string $transient Transient name.
	 */
	do_action( &quot;delete_site_transient_{$transient}&quot;, $transient );

	if ( wp_using_ext_object_cache() || wp_installing() ) {
		$result = wp_cache_delete( $transient, &#039;site-transient&#039; );
	} else {
		$option_timeout = &#039;_site_transient_timeout_&#039; . $transient;
		$option         = &#039;_site_transient_&#039; . $transient;
		$result         = delete_site_option( $option );

		if ( $result ) {
			delete_site_option( $option_timeout );
		}
	}

	if ( $result ) {

		/**
		 * Fires after a transient is deleted.
		 *
		 * @since 3.0.0
		 *
		 * @param string $transient Deleted transient name.
		 */
		do_action( &#039;deleted_site_transient&#039;, $transient );
	}

	return $result;
}

/**
 * Retrieves the value of a site transient.
 *
 * If the transient does not exist, does not have a value, or has expired,
 * then the return value will be false.
 *
 * @since 2.9.0
 *
 * @see get_transient()
 *
 * @param string $transient Transient name. Expected to not be SQL-escaped.
 * @return mixed Value of transient.
 */
function get_site_transient( $transient ) {

	/**
	 * Filters the value of an existing site transient before it is retrieved.
	 *
	 * The dynamic portion of the hook name, `$transient`, refers to the transient name.
	 *
	 * Returning a value other than boolean false will short-circuit retrieval and
	 * return that value instead.
	 *
	 * @since 2.9.0
	 * @since 4.4.0 The `$transient` parameter was added.
	 *
	 * @param mixed  $pre_site_transient The default value to return if the site transient does not exist.
	 *                                   Any value other than false will short-circuit the retrieval
	 *                                   of the transient, and return that value.
	 * @param string $transient          Transient name.
	 */
	$pre = apply_filters( &quot;pre_site_transient_{$transient}&quot;, false, $transient );

	if ( false !== $pre ) {
		return $pre;
	}

	if ( wp_using_ext_object_cache() || wp_installing() ) {
		$value = wp_cache_get( $transient, &#039;site-transient&#039; );
	} else {
		// Core transients that do not have a timeout. Listed here so querying timeouts can be avoided.
		$no_timeout       = array( &#039;update_core&#039;, &#039;update_plugins&#039;, &#039;update_themes&#039; );
		$transient_option = &#039;_site_transient_&#039; . $transient;
		if ( ! in_array( $transient, $no_timeout, true ) ) {
			$transient_timeout = &#039;_site_transient_timeout_&#039; . $transient;
			$timeout           = get_site_option( $transient_timeout );
			if ( false !== $timeout &amp;&amp; $timeout &lt; time() ) {
				delete_site_option( $transient_option );
				delete_site_option( $transient_timeout );
				$value = false;
			}
		}

		if ( ! isset( $value ) ) {
			$value = get_site_option( $transient_option );
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Filters the value of an existing site transient.
	 *
	 * The dynamic portion of the hook name, `$transient`, refers to the transient name.
	 *
	 * @since 2.9.0
	 * @since 4.4.0 The `$transient` parameter was added.
	 *
	 * @param mixed  $value     Value of site transient.
	 * @param string $transient Transient name.
	 */
	return apply_filters( &quot;site_transient_{$transient}&quot;, $value, $transient );
}

/**
 * Sets/updates the value of a site transient.
 *
 * You do not need to serialize values. If the value needs to be serialized,
 * then it will be serialized before it is set.
 *
 * @since 2.9.0
 *
 * @see set_transient()
 *
 * @param string $transient  Transient name. Expected to not be SQL-escaped. Must be
 *                           167 characters or fewer in length.
 * @param mixed  $value      Transient value. Expected to not be SQL-escaped.
 * @param int    $expiration Optional. Time until expiration in seconds. Default 0 (no expiration).
 * @return bool True if the value was set, false otherwise.
 */
function set_site_transient( $transient, $value, $expiration = 0 ) {

	/**
	 * Filters the value of a specific site transient before it is set.
	 *
	 * The dynamic portion of the hook name, `$transient`, refers to the transient name.
	 *
	 * @since 3.0.0
	 * @since 4.4.0 The `$transient` parameter was added.
	 *
	 * @param mixed  $value     New value of site transient.
	 * @param string $transient Transient name.
	 */
	$value = apply_filters( &quot;pre_set_site_transient_{$transient}&quot;, $value, $transient );

	$expiration = (int) $expiration;

	/**
	 * Filters the expiration for a site transient before its value is set.
	 *
	 * The dynamic portion of the hook name, `$transient`, refers to the transient name.
	 *
	 * @since 4.4.0
	 *
	 * @param int    $expiration Time until expiration in seconds. Use 0 for no expiration.
	 * @param mixed  $value      New value of site transient.
	 * @param string $transient  Transient name.
	 */
	$expiration = apply_filters( &quot;expiration_of_site_transient_{$transient}&quot;, $expiration, $value, $transient );

	if ( wp_using_ext_object_cache() || wp_installing() ) {
		$result = wp_cache_set( $transient, $value, &#039;site-transient&#039;, $expiration );
	} else {
		$transient_timeout = &#039;_site_transient_timeout_&#039; . $transient;
		$option            = &#039;_site_transient_&#039; . $transient;

		if ( false === get_site_option( $option ) ) {
			if ( $expiration ) {
				add_site_option( $transient_timeout, time() + $expiration );
			}
			$result = add_site_option( $option, $value );
		} else {
			if ( $expiration ) {
				update_site_option( $transient_timeout, time() + $expiration );
			}
			$result = update_site_option( $option, $value );
		}
	}

	if ( $result ) {

		/**
		 * Fires after the value for a specific site transient has been set.
		 *
		 * The dynamic portion of the hook name, `$transient`, refers to the transient name.
		 *
		 * @since 3.0.0
		 * @since 4.4.0 The `$transient` parameter was added
		 *
		 * @param mixed  $value      Site transient value.
		 * @param int    $expiration Time until expiration in seconds.
		 * @param string $transient  Transient name.
		 */
		do_action( &quot;set_site_transient_{$transient}&quot;, $value, $expiration, $transient );

		/**
		 * Fires after the value for a site transient has been set.
		 *
		 * @since 3.0.0
		 *
		 * @param string $transient  The name of the site transient.
		 * @param mixed  $value      Site transient value.
		 * @param int    $expiration Time until expiration in seconds.
		 */
		do_action( &#039;setted_site_transient&#039;, $transient, $value, $expiration );
	}

	return $result;
}

/**
 * Registers default settings available in WordPress.
 *
 * The settings registered here are primarily useful for the REST API, so this
 * does not encompass all settings available in WordPress.
 *
 * @since 4.7.0
 * @since 6.0.1 The `show_on_front`, `page_on_front`, and `page_for_posts` options were added.
 */
function register_initial_settings() {
	register_setting(
		&#039;general&#039;,
		&#039;blogname&#039;,
		array(
			&#039;show_in_rest&#039; =&gt; array(
				&#039;name&#039; =&gt; &#039;title&#039;,
			),
			&#039;type&#039;         =&gt; &#039;string&#039;,
			&#039;description&#039;  =&gt; __( &#039;Site title.&#039; ),
		)
	);

	register_setting(
		&#039;general&#039;,
		&#039;blogdescription&#039;,
		array(
			&#039;show_in_rest&#039; =&gt; array(
				&#039;name&#039; =&gt; &#039;description&#039;,
			),
			&#039;type&#039;         =&gt; &#039;string&#039;,
			&#039;description&#039;  =&gt; __( &#039;Site tagline.&#039; ),
		)
	);

	if ( ! is_multisite() ) {
		register_setting(
			&#039;general&#039;,
			&#039;siteurl&#039;,
			array(
				&#039;show_in_rest&#039; =&gt; array(
					&#039;name&#039;   =&gt; &#039;url&#039;,
					&#039;schema&#039; =&gt; array(
						&#039;format&#039; =&gt; &#039;uri&#039;,
					),
				),
				&#039;type&#039;         =&gt; &#039;string&#039;,
				&#039;description&#039;  =&gt; __( &#039;Site URL.&#039; ),
			)
		);
	}

	if ( ! is_multisite() ) {
		register_setting(
			&#039;general&#039;,
			&#039;admin_email&#039;,
			array(
				&#039;show_in_rest&#039; =&gt; array(
					&#039;name&#039;   =&gt; &#039;email&#039;,
					&#039;schema&#039; =&gt; array(
						&#039;format&#039; =&gt; &#039;email&#039;,
					),
				),
				&#039;type&#039;         =&gt; &#039;string&#039;,
				&#039;description&#039;  =&gt; __( &#039;This address is used for admin purposes, like new user notification.&#039; ),
			)
		);
	}

	register_setting(
		&#039;general&#039;,
		&#039;timezone_string&#039;,
		array(
			&#039;show_in_rest&#039; =&gt; array(
				&#039;name&#039; =&gt; &#039;timezone&#039;,
			),
			&#039;type&#039;         =&gt; &#039;string&#039;,
			&#039;description&#039;  =&gt; __( &#039;A city in the same timezone as you.&#039; ),
		)
	);

	register_setting(
		&#039;general&#039;,
		&#039;date_format&#039;,
		array(
			&#039;show_in_rest&#039; =&gt; true,
			&#039;type&#039;         =&gt; &#039;string&#039;,
			&#039;description&#039;  =&gt; __( &#039;A date format for all date strings.&#039; ),
		)
	);

	register_setting(
		&#039;general&#039;,
		&#039;time_format&#039;,
		array(
			&#039;show_in_rest&#039; =&gt; true,
			&#039;type&#039;         =&gt; &#039;string&#039;,
			&#039;description&#039;  =&gt; __( &#039;A time format for all time strings.&#039; ),
		)
	);

	register_setting(
		&#039;general&#039;,
		&#039;start_of_week&#039;,
		array(
			&#039;show_in_rest&#039; =&gt; true,
			&#039;type&#039;         =&gt; &#039;integer&#039;,
			&#039;description&#039;  =&gt; __( &#039;A day number of the week that the week should start on.&#039; ),
		)
	);

	register_setting(
		&#039;general&#039;,
		&#039;WPLANG&#039;,
		array(
			&#039;show_in_rest&#039; =&gt; array(
				&#039;name&#039; =&gt; &#039;language&#039;,
			),
			&#039;type&#039;         =&gt; &#039;string&#039;,
			&#039;description&#039;  =&gt; __( &#039;WordPress locale code.&#039; ),
			&#039;default&#039;      =&gt; &#039;en_US&#039;,
		)
	);

	register_setting(
		&#039;writing&#039;,
		&#039;use_smilies&#039;,
		array(
			&#039;show_in_rest&#039; =&gt; true,
			&#039;type&#039;         =&gt; &#039;boolean&#039;,
			&#039;description&#039;  =&gt; __( &#039;Convert emoticons like :-) and :-P to graphics on display.&#039; ),
			&#039;default&#039;      =&gt; true,
		)
	);

	register_setting(
		&#039;writing&#039;,
		&#039;default_category&#039;,
		array(
			&#039;show_in_rest&#039; =&gt; true,
			&#039;type&#039;         =&gt; &#039;integer&#039;,
			&#039;description&#039;  =&gt; __( &#039;Default post category.&#039; ),
		)
	);

	register_setting(
		&#039;writing&#039;,
		&#039;default_post_format&#039;,
		array(
			&#039;show_in_rest&#039; =&gt; true,
			&#039;type&#039;         =&gt; &#039;string&#039;,
			&#039;description&#039;  =&gt; __( &#039;Default post format.&#039; ),
		)
	);

	register_setting(
		&#039;reading&#039;,
		&#039;posts_per_page&#039;,
		array(
			&#039;show_in_rest&#039; =&gt; true,
			&#039;type&#039;         =&gt; &#039;integer&#039;,
			&#039;description&#039;  =&gt; __( &#039;Blog pages show at most.&#039; ),
			&#039;default&#039;      =&gt; 10,
		)
	);

	register_setting(
		&#039;reading&#039;,
		&#039;show_on_front&#039;,
		array(
			&#039;show_in_rest&#039; =&gt; true,
			&#039;type&#039;         =&gt; &#039;string&#039;,
			&#039;description&#039;  =&gt; __( &#039;What to show on the front page&#039; ),
		)
	);

	register_setting(
		&#039;reading&#039;,
		&#039;page_on_front&#039;,
		array(
			&#039;show_in_rest&#039; =&gt; true,
			&#039;type&#039;         =&gt; &#039;integer&#039;,
			&#039;description&#039;  =&gt; __( &#039;The ID of the page that should be displayed on the front page&#039; ),
		)
	);

	register_setting(
		&#039;reading&#039;,
		&#039;page_for_posts&#039;,
		array(
			&#039;show_in_rest&#039; =&gt; true,
			&#039;type&#039;         =&gt; &#039;integer&#039;,
			&#039;description&#039;  =&gt; __( &#039;The ID of the page that should display the latest posts&#039; ),
		)
	);

	register_setting(
		&#039;discussion&#039;,
		&#039;default_ping_status&#039;,
		array(
			&#039;show_in_rest&#039; =&gt; array(
				&#039;schema&#039; =&gt; array(
					&#039;enum&#039; =&gt; array( &#039;open&#039;, &#039;closed&#039; ),
				),
			),
			&#039;type&#039;         =&gt; &#039;string&#039;,
			&#039;description&#039;  =&gt; __( &#039;Allow link notifications from other blogs (pingbacks and trackbacks) on new articles.&#039; ),
		)
	);

	register_setting(
		&#039;discussion&#039;,
		&#039;default_comment_status&#039;,
		array(
			&#039;show_in_rest&#039; =&gt; array(
				&#039;schema&#039; =&gt; array(
					&#039;enum&#039; =&gt; array( &#039;open&#039;, &#039;closed&#039; ),
				),
			),
			&#039;type&#039;         =&gt; &#039;string&#039;,
			&#039;description&#039;  =&gt; __( &#039;Allow people to submit comments on new posts.&#039; ),
		)
	);
}

/**
 * Registers a setting and its data.
 *
 * @since 2.7.0
 * @since 3.0.0 The `misc` option group was deprecated.
 * @since 3.5.0 The `privacy` option group was deprecated.
 * @since 4.7.0 `$args` can be passed to set flags on the setting, similar to `register_meta()`.
 * @since 5.5.0 `$new_whitelist_options` was renamed to `$new_allowed_options`.
 *              Please consider writing more inclusive code.
 *
 * @global array $new_allowed_options
 * @global array $wp_registered_settings
 *
 * @param string $option_group A settings group name. Should correspond to an allowed option key name.
 *                             Default allowed option key names include &#039;general&#039;, &#039;discussion&#039;, &#039;media&#039;,
 *                             &#039;reading&#039;, &#039;writing&#039;, and &#039;options&#039;.
 * @param string $option_name The name of an option to sanitize and save.
 * @param array  $args {
 *     Data used to describe the setting when registered.
 *
 *     @type string     $type              The type of data associated with this setting.
 *                                         Valid values are &#039;string&#039;, &#039;boolean&#039;, &#039;integer&#039;, &#039;number&#039;, &#039;array&#039;, and &#039;object&#039;.
 *     @type string     $description       A description of the data attached to this setting.
 *     @type callable   $sanitize_callback A callback function that sanitizes the option&#039;s value.
 *     @type bool|array $show_in_rest      Whether data associated with this setting should be included in the REST API.
 *                                         When registering complex settings, this argument may optionally be an
 *                                         array with a &#039;schema&#039; key.
 *     @type mixed      $default           Default value when calling `get_option()`.
 * }
 */
function register_setting( $option_group, $option_name, $args = array() ) {
	global $new_allowed_options, $wp_registered_settings;

	/*
	 * In 5.5.0, the `$new_whitelist_options` global variable was renamed to `$new_allowed_options`.
	 * Please consider writing more inclusive code.
	 */
	$GLOBALS[&#039;new_whitelist_options&#039;] = &amp;$new_allowed_options;

	$defaults = array(
		&#039;type&#039;              =&gt; &#039;string&#039;,
		&#039;group&#039;             =&gt; $option_group,
		&#039;description&#039;       =&gt; &#039;&#039;,
		&#039;sanitize_callback&#039; =&gt; null,
		&#039;show_in_rest&#039;      =&gt; false,
	);

	// Back-compat: old sanitize callback is added.
	if ( is_callable( $args ) ) {
		$args = array(
			&#039;sanitize_callback&#039; =&gt; $args,
		);
	}

	/**
	 * Filters the registration arguments when registering a setting.
	 *
	 * @since 4.7.0
	 *
	 * @param array  $args         Array of setting registration arguments.
	 * @param array  $defaults     Array of default arguments.
	 * @param string $option_group Setting group.
	 * @param string $option_name  Setting name.
	 */
	$args = apply_filters( &#039;register_setting_args&#039;, $args, $defaults, $option_group, $option_name );

	$args = wp_parse_args( $args, $defaults );

	// Require an item schema when registering settings with an array type.
	if ( false !== $args[&#039;show_in_rest&#039;] &amp;&amp; &#039;array&#039; === $args[&#039;type&#039;] &amp;&amp; ( ! is_array( $args[&#039;show_in_rest&#039;] ) || ! isset( $args[&#039;show_in_rest&#039;][&#039;schema&#039;][&#039;items&#039;] ) ) ) {
		_doing_it_wrong( __FUNCTION__, __( &#039;When registering an &quot;array&quot; setting to show in the REST API, you must specify the schema for each array item in &quot;show_in_rest.schema.items&quot;.&#039; ), &#039;5.4.0&#039; );
	}

	if ( ! is_array( $wp_registered_settings ) ) {
		$wp_registered_settings = array();
	}

	if ( &#039;misc&#039; === $option_group ) {
		_deprecated_argument(
			__FUNCTION__,
			&#039;3.0.0&#039;,
			sprintf(
				/* translators: %s: misc */
				__( &#039;The &quot;%s&quot; options group has been removed. Use another settings group.&#039; ),
				&#039;misc&#039;
			)
		);
		$option_group = &#039;general&#039;;
	}

	if ( &#039;privacy&#039; === $option_group ) {
		_deprecated_argument(
			__FUNCTION__,
			&#039;3.5.0&#039;,
			sprintf(
				/* translators: %s: privacy */
				__( &#039;The &quot;%s&quot; options group has been removed. Use another settings group.&#039; ),
				&#039;privacy&#039;
			)
		);
		$option_group = &#039;reading&#039;;
	}

	$new_allowed_options[ $option_group ][] = $option_name;

	if ( ! empty( $args[&#039;sanitize_callback&#039;] ) ) {
		add_filter( &quot;sanitize_option_{$option_name}&quot;, $args[&#039;sanitize_callback&#039;] );
	}
	if ( array_key_exists( &#039;default&#039;, $args ) ) {
		add_filter( &quot;default_option_{$option_name}&quot;, &#039;filter_default_option&#039;, 10, 3 );
	}

	/**
	 * Fires immediately before the setting is registered but after its filters are in place.
	 *
	 * @since 5.5.0
	 *
	 * @param string $option_group Setting group.
	 * @param string $option_name  Setting name.
	 * @param array  $args         Array of setting registration arguments.
	 */
	do_action( &#039;register_setting&#039;, $option_group, $option_name, $args );

	$wp_registered_settings[ $option_name ] = $args;
}

/**
 * Unregisters a setting.
 *
 * @since 2.7.0
 * @since 4.7.0 `$sanitize_callback` was deprecated. The callback from `register_setting()` is now used instead.
 * @since 5.5.0 `$new_whitelist_options` was renamed to `$new_allowed_options`.
 *              Please consider writing more inclusive code.
 *
 * @global array $new_allowed_options
 * @global array $wp_registered_settings
 *
 * @param string   $option_group The settings group name used during registration.
 * @param string   $option_name  The name of the option to unregister.
 * @param callable $deprecated   Optional. Deprecated.
 */
function unregister_setting( $option_group, $option_name, $deprecated = &#039;&#039; ) {
	global $new_allowed_options, $wp_registered_settings;

	/*
	 * In 5.5.0, the `$new_whitelist_options` global variable was renamed to `$new_allowed_options`.
	 * Please consider writing more inclusive code.
	 */
	$GLOBALS[&#039;new_whitelist_options&#039;] = &amp;$new_allowed_options;

	if ( &#039;misc&#039; === $option_group ) {
		_deprecated_argument(
			__FUNCTION__,
			&#039;3.0.0&#039;,
			sprintf(
				/* translators: %s: misc */
				__( &#039;The &quot;%s&quot; options group has been removed. Use another settings group.&#039; ),
				&#039;misc&#039;
			)
		);
		$option_group = &#039;general&#039;;
	}

	if ( &#039;privacy&#039; === $option_group ) {
		_deprecated_argument(
			__FUNCTION__,
			&#039;3.5.0&#039;,
			sprintf(
				/* translators: %s: privacy */
				__( &#039;The &quot;%s&quot; options group has been removed. Use another settings group.&#039; ),
				&#039;privacy&#039;
			)
		);
		$option_group = &#039;reading&#039;;
	}

	$pos = array_search( $option_name, (array) $new_allowed_options[ $option_group ], true );

	if ( false !== $pos ) {
		unset( $new_allowed_options[ $option_group ][ $pos ] );
	}

	if ( &#039;&#039; !== $deprecated ) {
		_deprecated_argument(
			__FUNCTION__,
			&#039;4.7.0&#039;,
			sprintf(
				/* translators: 1: $sanitize_callback, 2: register_setting() */
				__( &#039;%1$s is deprecated. The callback from %2$s is used instead.&#039; ),
				&#039;&lt;code&gt;$sanitize_callback&lt;/code&gt;&#039;,
				&#039;&lt;code&gt;register_setting()&lt;/code&gt;&#039;
			)
		);
		remove_filter( &quot;sanitize_option_{$option_name}&quot;, $deprecated );
	}

	if ( isset( $wp_registered_settings[ $option_name ] ) ) {
		// Remove the sanitize callback if one was set during registration.
		if ( ! empty( $wp_registered_settings[ $option_name ][&#039;sanitize_callback&#039;] ) ) {
			remove_filter( &quot;sanitize_option_{$option_name}&quot;, $wp_registered_settings[ $option_name ][&#039;sanitize_callback&#039;] );
		}

		// Remove the default filter if a default was provided during registration.
		if ( array_key_exists( &#039;default&#039;, $wp_registered_settings[ $option_name ] ) ) {
			remove_filter( &quot;default_option_{$option_name}&quot;, &#039;filter_default_option&#039;, 10 );
		}

		/**
		 * Fires immediately before the setting is unregistered and after its filters have been removed.
		 *
		 * @since 5.5.0
		 *
		 * @param string $option_group Setting group.
		 * @param string $option_name  Setting name.
		 */
		do_action( &#039;unregister_setting&#039;, $option_group, $option_name );

		unset( $wp_registered_settings[ $option_name ] );
	}
}

/**
 * Retrieves an array of registered settings.
 *
 * @since 4.7.0
 *
 * @global array $wp_registered_settings
 *
 * @return array List of registered settings, keyed by option name.
 */
function get_registered_settings() {
	global $wp_registered_settings;

	if ( ! is_array( $wp_registered_settings ) ) {
		return array();
	}

	return $wp_registered_settings;
}

/**
 * Filters the default value for the option.
 *
 * For settings which register a default setting in `register_setting()`, this
 * function is added as a filter to `default_option_{$option}`.
 *
 * @since 4.7.0
 *
 * @param mixed  $default_value  Existing default value to return.
 * @param string $option         Option name.
 * @param bool   $passed_default Was `get_option()` passed a default value?
 * @return mixed Filtered default value.
 */
function filter_default_option( $default_value, $option, $passed_default ) {
	if ( $passed_default ) {
		return $default_value;
	}

	$registered = get_registered_settings();
	if ( empty( $registered[ $option ] ) ) {
		return $default_value;
	}

	return $registered[ $option ][&#039;default&#039;];
}
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